Endoscopic Spine Surgery (ESS) represents a cutting-edge, minimally invasive technique that has revolutionized the treatment of various spinal conditions. Unlike traditional open surgery, ESS utilizes a small incision, often less than one centimeter, through which a high-definition endoscope and specialized micro-instruments are inserted. This provides surgeons with a magnified, illuminated view of the spinal structures on an external monitor, allowing for precise removal of herniated disc material, bone spurs, or other pathology that compresses nerves. The primary advantages for patients include significantly reduced muscle and tissue disruption, leading to less post-operative pain, minimal blood loss, and a dramatically faster recovery time, often enabling outpatient procedures and quicker return to daily activities compared to conventional open surgical approaches.